CALL TO ARMS: EUROPE’S WAY IN A NEW ERA OF COMPULSORY SERVICE
Compulsory military service is a deeply rooted and evolving feature of European defense, shaped by historical legacies, shifting geopolitical threats, and current debates over national security. This essay explores the conscription models, current policies, and debated futures in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, England, France, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Greece, and Turkey—with special attention to how new Russian…